This guide explains how to find out the operating system version of the server for your Web Hosting.

Preamble

• Even if Debian or a package appears outdated, the displayed versions do not have vulnerabilities:
  • Infomaniak keeps them up to date through regular internal patches on all components and systems used.
  • The versions are chosen for their stability, then enhanced by security measures that classic tests do not detect.
• If you or your clients identify a vulnerability in an Infomaniak product, please submit a proof of concept. Although rare, these cases are handled quickly.
  • Data security is the user's responsibility: Infomaniak cannot be held accountable for poor management or use of access credentials.

What OS is on my site?

To find out the version:

1. Log in to the server via SSH (need help?).

2. Run the following command:

   lsb_release -a

3. You will get information of this type:

   Distributor ID: Debian
   Description: Debian GNU/Linux 7.9 (wheezy)
   Release: 7.9
   Codename: wheezy

This guide explains how to modify the disk space of a hosting on Serveur Cloud.

Preamble

• The databases are installed on the same Cloud server, so the disk space for the databases is not limited to the size of the hosting but to the total disk space of the Cloud server.
  • To modify this total disk space, it is necessary to modify the configuration of the Cloud server.
     

Modify the disk space of a web hosting

To access the hosting on Serveur Cloud:

1. Click here to access the management of your product on the Infomaniak Manager (need help?).
2. Click directly on the name assigned to the product in question.
3. Click on the action menu ⋮ located to the right of the relevant web hosting, in the Web Hosting section.
4. Click on Modify the disk space of the hosting:
   
5. Adjust the size according to the allocated and remaining disk space.
6. Click on the button Confirm to validate the change.

This guide explains how to access the configuration of a Infomaniak Web site to display technical information such as the PHP, Apache version or the activated PHP extensions and modules.

View the site's technical information

To access the website management:

1. Click here to access the management of your product on the Infomaniak Manager (need help?).
2. Click directly on the name assigned to the relevant product.
3. Click on the Manage button under Advanced Settings:
   
4. Review the website information under the General, PHP / Apache and PHP Extensions tabs:
   
5. Click on the back arrow in the left sidebar.
6. Click on Databases in the left sidebar to get the version of MySQL for the web hosting:
   

This guide concerns MySQL on Infomaniak hosting and their compatibility with stored procedures.

Preamble

• “Stored procedures” & “stored routines” are not possible on Web Hosting.

Understanding stored procedures and routines

If stored procedures are essential to your project and you currently have a shared hosting plan, you might consider a VPS or dedicated server, where you will have more control and resources.

Stored procedures offer a powerful and efficient way to automate tasks and manage business logic at the database level, which can result in more performant and easier-to-maintain applications.

On Serveur Cloud, as soon as the user has administrator rights on the relevant MySQL database, they have the necessary permissions to execute SQL instructions, including the EXECUTE command, which is used to run existing stored procedures in the database.

He also has the required privileges to create new stored procedures. Creating a stored procedure typically involves using specific SQL syntax to define the instructions to be executed, followed by saving this definition in the database.

This guide explains how to customize the time slot(s) during which Infomaniak can perform maintenance to enhance your services (new features, fixes, etc.).

Preamble

• This feature is only available for:
  • Cloud Servers
  • VPS Cloud / VPS Lite
  • Jelastic Cloud
• Unless otherwise specified, planned maintenance is generally carried out by Infomaniak between 10 PM and 6 AM.

Change the scheduled maintenance period

To do this:

1. Click here to access the service for which you want to schedule maintenance on the Manager Infomaniak (need help?).
2. Click directly on the name assigned to the product in question.
3. Click on Scheduled maintenances in the left sidebar.
4. Click on the blue button to set a preferred intervention slot:
   

This guide helps resolve any issues with activating your Windows Server license.

Preamble

• Also check for any current issues on https://infomaniakstatus.com/.
• For **Public Cloud** specifically, the list of scheduled maintenances and current issues can be found at https://status.infomaniak.cloud/.

Change the registered key

Open the Run utility (key Windows logo + R).

Remove the registered key

Run the following command:

cscript.exe c:\windows\system32\slmgr.vbs -upk

Add a new key

Relaunch the Run utility and then execute the following command:

cscript.exe c:\windows\system32\slmgr.vbs -ipk {CLE}

by replacing {CLE} with the key from your configuration below:

Activate Windows

Restart the Run utility and then run the following command to associate the key with the Infomaniak activation bot:

cscript.exe c:\windows\system32\slmgr.vbs -skms kms.infomaniak.cloud

Restart the Run utility and then run the following command to activate your Windows system:

cscript.exe c:\windows\system32\slmgr.vbs -ato

This guide explains how to mount the volume dedicated to storing your data on your VPS Cloud on Windows. In the case of a VPS Lite, the procedure is not necessary as there is only one disk, even on Windows.

Mount the storage volume

To mount the storage volume on Windows, you need to go to the "Disk Management" tool and bring the disk online:

• Right-click on the Start menu.
• Search for Disk Management.
• On the left-hand side, identify the offline disk (usually an icon with a white arrow on a red background and a blue icon).
• Right-click on it to select Online.

To initialize the disk and create a volume:

• Once the disk is online, right-click on it and select Initialize Disk.
• Choose between MBR (for disks < 2 TB) and GPT (recommended for disks > 2 TB), then click OK.
• Then, right-click on the unallocated space on the disk and select New Simple Volume.
• Follow the wizard steps to assign a drive letter, format the volume in NTFS, and then finish by clicking Finish.

The disk will now be accessible from Windows File Explorer.

You can also use diskpart the Windows disk and partition management utility.

This guide explains how to reboot a VPS Cloud / VPS Lite and what you can do if you no longer have access to the server.

Reboot of VPS Cloud / VPS Lite

The classic mode allows you to normally reboot your server. To access the VPS Cloud / VPS Lite:

1. Click here to access the management of your product on the Infomaniak Manager (need help?).
2. Click directly on the name assigned to the relevant product.
3. Click on the Manage button.
4. Click on Restart (classic mode):
   
    

Enable/disable safe mode

If you have lost your SSH key, or made a configuration error, etc.

You have the option to reboot in rescue mode. This involves rebooting from a base image from which you can mount the partitions of your cloud. This way, you will be able to modify/repair your configuration.

To activate the rescue mode:

1. Click here to access the management of your product on the Infomaniak Manager (need help?).
2. Click directly on the name assigned to the relevant product.
3. Click on the Manage button.
4. Click on Reboot (safe mode):
   
   
    

Perform operations

Once safe mode is active, access your Cloud via SSH, either with your ssh key or with the temporary password available in the interface.

Once connected, do:

sudo -i

then list the available partitions (replace ov-abcd by your hostname):

[root@ov-abcd ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
vda 253:0 0 8G 0 disk
└─vda1 253:1 0 8G 0 part /
vdb 253:16 0 20G 0 disk
└─vdb1 253:17 0 20G 0 part

vdb corresponds to your cloud disk.

To access it in write mode, you must mount it:

[root@ov-abcd ~]# mount /dev/vdb1 /mnt/

You can then edit the files:

[root@ov-abcd ~]# ls /mnt/
bin boot dev etc home initrd.img initrd.img.old lib lib64 lost+found media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var vmlinuz vmlinuz.old

Depending on your cloud's operating system, you can also perform a chroot to replicate your usual environment:

[root@ov-abcd ~]# chroot /mnt/
bash: ls: command not found
root@ov-abcd:/# export PATH="$PATH:/usr/sbin:/sbin:/bin"
root@ov-abcd:/# ls
bin boot dev etc home initrd.img initrd.img.old lib lib64 lost+found media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var vmlinuz vmlinuz.old

Once the necessary modifications have been made, disable safe mode to restart your cloud on the original disk.

This guide details the creation of a GIT repository both on your Web Hosting and on your Cloud Server Infomaniak.

Preamble

• GIT and GITHub are available by default on the two aforementioned supports.
• For additional help, contact a partner or launch a free tender — also discover the role of the host.

Creation of the GIT repository

Setting up on the server:

• The GIT repository is located at /git_depot
• The site is located in the folder /web/[projet] (on your FTP server)

Commands to enter:

cd
mkdir git_depot
cd git_depot/
git init --bare [projet].git
cd [projet].git
git update-server-info

Sending the local repository to the server

To do on the local machine:

git init
git remote add origin ssh://user@[xxxxx].ftp.infomaniak.com:/home/clients/[123465789]/git_depot/[projet].git
git status
git add .
git commit -a -m "init"
git push --set-upstream origin master
git push

Cloning the site to the server directory

To do on the server:

cd
cd web
rm -r [projet]/
git clone /home/clients/[123465789]/git_depot/[projet].git [projet]/

The CGID module for Apache has been disabled on Infomaniak's shared web hosting offers.

If necessary, you should consider switching to a **Cloud Server** if you are currently on shared web hosting. This can be done seamlessly: refer to **this other guide** for more information.

This guide explains how to replace, within an Infomaniak Web hosting, the address of a site currently a subdomain (https://dev.domain.xyz for example) with the main domain (https://domain.xyz).

Preamble

• The operations in brief:
  1. We start with a site created and accessible via the URL of the main domain dev.domain.xyz.
  2. We add an alias domain.xyz.
  3. We swap the two types (the main domain becomes an alias and the alias becomes the main domain).
  4. We remove the old name dev.domain.xyz.
• Note that the site remains in the original folder on the server; the name of this location may be in the form /sites/dev.domain.xyz but this has absolutely no impact on the live site.
• Also, familiarize yourself with the last chapter of this other guide.

The operations in detail

To switch from a site with a subdomain address "dev.domain.xyz" to a direct address "domain.xyz":

1. Click here to access the management of your product on the Infomaniak Manager (need help?).
2. Click directly on the name assigned to the product in question.
3. Click on the chevron ‍ to expand the Domains section of this site:
4. Click on the button Add a domain:
   
5. Add the desired new name, check the corresponding boxes.
6. Click on the button to Confirm:
   
7. Once the addition is complete, click on the action menu ⋮ located to the right of the relevant item.
8. Choose to set the item as the primary domain:
   
9. Confirm the operation to proceed with the domain swap.

This guide covers the installation of Python modules, possible on Cloud Server.

Installation of Python modules on Cloud Server

The installation is done through PIP, which is a package manager used to install and manage packages written in Python.

Infomaniak provides PIP and PIP3 via the Fast Installer tool.

Once PIP is installed, you will be able to install Python modules by specifying --user during the command.

For example:

pip3 install mysql-connector-python --user

This guide provides instructions to synchronize kDrive with a VPS (or vice versa) via the WebDAV protocol found in the rClone application.

Prerequisites

• Have a VPS.
• Know your kDrive identifier (kDrive ID).

Synchronize kDrive and VPS via rClone

The operation allows you to retrieve in real-time the files and folders from kDrive and to read, create or modify these files from your VPS while ensuring that they are synchronized again on the kDrive server. An rClone mount point can be created with a folder on your VPS to manipulate these kDrive files.

Refer to the rClone documentation if you are looking for information about the available options:

1. Example of rClone command:

   • rclone mount kdrive:/My_kDrive_Folder_Path /home/ubuntu/Target_Folder_Path --vfs-cache-mode full --vfs-cache-max-age 24h --vfs-cache-max-size 10G --cache-dir /home/ubuntu/rclone/cache --daemon --allow-other --dir-cache-time 1h --log-file /home/ubuntu/rclone/rclone.log --log-level INFO

   • The --daemon attribute of this command allows you to start the synchronization in the background because without it, this sync ends with each disconnection of the VPS…
2. Example of an rClone configuration file:

   • [kdrive]
     type = webdav
     url = https://***.connect.kdrive.infomaniak.com/***
     vendor = other
     user = ***
     pass = ***

   • Server address: https://IDkDrive.connect.kdrive.infomaniak.com (see the prerequisites above)
   • Username: email address to log in to the Infomaniak user account
   • Password: application password if two-factor authentication is enabled or ‍your Infomaniak user account password if you have not enabled 2FA

This guide explains how to install and configure systemd on a Serveur Cloud and presents the main commands that can be used.

Prerequisites

• Follow the installation guide for systemd on Serveur Cloud.
• Consult the official documentation to learn about all the possibilities offered by systemd
• The "unit" files must be placed in: ~/.config/systemd/user/ (/home/clients/absolute-path-id/.config/systemd/user) (replacing absolute-path-id visible in your Manager) and the permissions must be set to 0644.
• The --user parameter must be specified in each command.

Main commands

Here is a non-exhaustive list of commands that can be used with systemd.

Force systemd to reload the unit files and take the changes into account:

systemctl --user daemon-reload

Activating a service:

systemctl --user enable --now SERVICENAME.service

Checking the status of a service:

systemctl --user status SERVICENAME.service

Configuration of Node as a service with systemd

It will be necessary to create a "Unit" file with the ".service" extension, which will need to be saved in the directory:

~/.config/systemd/user/

It is possible to reuse the example below by replacing the values starting with {}:

[Unit]
Description={Le nom du service} # Spécifier ici un nom du service. Celui-ci est obligatoire mais n'a pas d'impact sur le fonctionnement

[Service]
Restart=always
Environment=NODE_VERSION={la version souhaitée} # Spécifier ici la version de Node à utiliser. S'assurer qu'elle soit installée au préalable avec "nvm install {la version souhaitée}"
WorkingDirectory=%h/{repertoire du projet Node} # %h correspond à la racine de l'hébergement
ExecStart=/bin/bash -c "exec $HOME/.nvm/nvm-exec {commande de lancement du script node}" # Cette commande dépend du projet. Par exemple, "npm run start", "npm run serve" ou encore "node server.js" sont courants

[Install]
WantedBy=default.target

Additional actions with a Unit file

systemctl --user daemon-reload

Start the service (if it is already active, nothing happens):

systemctl --user start [Nom du Unit]

Stop the service (if it is not active, nothing happens):

systemctl --user stop [Nom du Unit]

Restart the service (if it is not running, it will be started):

systemctl --user restart [Nom du Unit]

Get information about the service; namely:

• "Active" which indicates whether the service is running and for how long
• "CGroup" shows the process group managed by the service, this allows you to see the active processes, with their arguments and their ID

Below "CGroup" are any logs (the standard output and error of the process):

systemctl --user status [Nom du Unit]

Enable automatic startup of the service at server boot; NB: this does not start the service:

systemctl --user enable [Nom du Unit]

Disable the automatic startup of the service at server boot; NB: this does not stop the service:

systemctl --user disable [Nom du Unit]

Configuration with user entries:

[Unit]
Description="nom service"

[Service]
Restart=always
Environment=NODE_VERSION=16.17
WorkingDirectory=%h/sites/"nom-repertoire-site"/
ExecStart=/bin/bash -c "exec $HOME/.nvm/nvm-exec npm run start"

[Install]
WantedBy=default.target

This guide explains how to enable PHP-FPM status to, for example, debug a slow site at the PHP level.

Preamble

• PHP-FPM status allows you to monitor in real-time the scripts that are executed as well as their execution time.
• This operation is only possible on Serveur Cloud.

Enable PHP-FPM status

To activate PHP-FPM on a site, contact Infomaniak support from an email address listed on your user account to authenticate your request.

In your request, please specify the source IP address that should be authorized.

Once PHP-FPM status is activated, the following URL links will display the necessary information:

• https://domain.xyz/fpm-status?json&full
• https://domain.xyz/fpm-status?html&full
• https://domain.xyz/fpm-status?xml&full

Warning: if your site contains rewrite rules including the path /fpm-status, you will likely need to make an exception for it.

This guide concerns the redirection of web traffic to a specific port, including when using a dedicated IP and a specific web application (such as Node or Varnish for example).

Prerequisites

• Add a site to your hosting.
• Install HAProxy on the Cloud Server.

Redirect web traffic to a specific port

By default, on Serveur Cloud, web traffic is sent to Apache. To send requests to a Node script or another service (provided it "listens" on a port between 4000 and 4009), you need to go through HAProxy.

This applies notably to servers Express, Socket.IO, Meteor.js, Nuxt.js, Django, Flask, Ruby on Rails, even possibly Java (J2E), etc.

For this, you must ensure that the service is listening on a port between 4000 and 4009 (especially with server.listen(4000) for Express or a basic HTTP Node server, but depending on the type of project by other means, a configuration file, in the code or otherwise) and on all interfaces (0.0.0.0).

It will also be necessary to configure HAProxy as in the example below:

1. Click here to access the management of your product on the Infomaniak Manager (need help?).
2. Click directly on the name assigned to the relevant product.
3. Click on Fast installer in the left sidebar.
4. Click on the action menu ⋮ located to the right of HAProxy.
5. Click on Configure:
   
6. Choose the desired information and save:
   
    

Retrieving the source IP of a request

When you redirect web traffic to your web application, the way requests are processed changes, and the request is first received by a reverse proxy (local to the server) which then forwards the request to the chosen port. Thus, due to the request forwarding, the methods usually used to retrieve the visitor's IP will return the IP of the reverse proxy instead of the visitor's.

In these cases, to retrieve the real source IP of the visitor, you need to consult an HTTP header named X-Forwarded-For, which will contain the source IPs accumulated during each redirection. This header will therefore contain last the original IP address of the client, allowing the real visitor to be identified.

Warning: It is important to note that HTTP headers can be manipulated, which presents security risks. To minimize these risks, it is recommended to verify that the request comes from a reliable server before trusting the content of the X-Forwarded-For header. This verification may involve ensuring that the request was transmitted by a trusted intermediary server, identified by a pre-established list of IP addresses. In the case where the site uses a dedicated IP, the trusted servers are:

• 83.166.133.15
• 83.166.133.17
• 83.166.133.16
• 84.16.92.5
• 84.16.92.43
• 10.2.32.255
• 10.2.34.164

This guide explains how to reset a VPS Cloud / VPS Lite.

Preamble

• This procedure deletes all the content of the volume dedicated to the operating system (/dev/vda).
• In the case of a VPS Cloud, the volume dedicated to data storage (/dev/vdb) is not affected by the reset.
   

Reset the OS VPS Cloud / VPS Lite

To access the VPS:

1. Click here to access the management of your product on the Manager Infomaniak (need help?).
2. Click directly on the name assigned to the relevant product.
3. Click the Reset button.
4. Follow the displayed instructions to complete the reset.

This guide explains how to restore a snapshot of VPS Cloud Infomaniak.

Restore a snapshot

To do this:

1. Click here to access the management of your product on the Infomaniak Manager (need help?).
2. Click directly on the name assigned to the product in question.
3. Click on Snapshot in the left sidebar.
4. Click on the action menu ⋮ to the right of the relevant item in the displayed table.
5. Click on Restore:
   
6. Click on the blue button to start the snapshot restoration.
7. An email is sent when the snapshot is restored.

Restore the operating system disk

Restoring the system volume as shown in the example above is an irreversible operation. The operating system disk will be replaced by the snapshot and the server will be in the exact state of the backup date.

The data stored on the data volume (vdb) is not affected by this operation.

Restore the data disk (vdb)

Two data restoration modes are possible:

1. "Read-only" mode

If the size of the snapshot differs from the size of the volume, only this read-only mode is available.

This option allows you to mount the snapshot data image, enabling read-only access to the backup data.

For your information, here are some useful commands to leverage your backup:

• To access the main data volume: mount /dev/vdb /mnt/.
• To mount the data volume in a specific "backup" folder: mount -o nouuid -o ro,norecovery /dev/vdc /backup.

To find out which letter to use (/dev/vd?), use the command lsblk:

2. "Restore" mode

Data volume restoration is an irreversible operation. The data disk (vdb) will be replaced by the snapshot. At the end of the restoration, it will be necessary to remount the data volume so that your operating system refreshes the content.

The following procedure and commands are provided for informational purposes only:

1. Make sure your data volume is not mounted:
   * umount /mnt (/mnt or the location you chose to access your data).
2. Remount the data volume:
   * mount /dev/(vdb) /mnt

To find out the name of the data volume attached to your server, use the command lsblk (see above).

Infomaniak does not provide root access on Serveur Cloud.

On the other hand, root access is possible on:

• VPS Cloud / VPS Lite
• Jelastic Cloud
• Public Cloud

This guide explains how to benefit from new versions of PHP, MySQL and many other packages by migrating a Cloud Server to new Infomaniak infrastructure.

Migration procedure

By migrating your data to the new Cloud infrastructure, you increase the performance and reliability of your sites, which will have access to the latest technologies:

1. Click here to access the management of your product on the Infomaniak Manager (need help?).
2. Click directly on the name assigned to the relevant product.
3. Click on the blue button in the "Upgrade your Cloud Server" box (or on Manage):
   

The migration is free and takes place in 3 steps:

1. Infomaniak provides a state-of-the-art Cloud Server with the same characteristics as the current one, at the same price and with the same commitment period.
2. You have one month to move your hosting to the new Cloud Server provided (read below).
3. When your hosting services have been moved to the new server, cancel the old Cloud Server.

Regarding step 2...

When moving a hosting from one Cloud Server to another:

• FTP access and databases remain unchanged.
• Only the supported versions of PHP and MariaDB, as well as the server's IPv4 and IPv6 addresses, change for the hosting.
• The hostnameshostnames) do not change and are automatically updated to point to the new IP addresses.